WISHES AND OTHER HYPOTHETICALS
- WISHES ABOUT PRESENT STATES – VĚTY „VZDYCHACÍ“ – impossible
states: wishes:
I´m small. If only I were taller. / I wish I were taller.
I can´t ski. I wish I could ski.
We live in the city. If only we lived in the country / didn´t live in the city.
I´m going to the dentist tomorrow. I wish I wasn´t going to the dentist tomorrow.
My daughter doesn´t help me. I wish she did.
John won´t come (ne a ne přijít) to my party. I wish he would come to my party.-our appeal to a person
You will smoke in my room. I wish you wouldn´t smoke in my room.
He can´t speak English. He wishes he could speak English.
= Wishes are about impossible (unreal) things. – platí v tomto okamžiku -je možné se naučit lyžovat, mluvit anglicky atd.
You show the unreality by moving one tense back.
- WISHES ABOUT PAST EVENTS
events: wishes:
I wasn´t happy at school. I wish I had been happier at school.
He didn´t pass the exam. He wishes he had passed the exam.
She failed the driving test. She wishes she hadn´t failed the driving test. – její přání
If only she hadn´t failed the driving test.- moje přání
OTHER CONJUNCTIONS WITH WISH:
I wish to stay here. = I want to stay here. – chci tu zůstat, přeji si, chci- není nereálné !!!
I wish them to stay here. – chci, aby tu zůstali
I wish you happiness. – wish + noun
Kéž jsem mladší.- nelze změnit × na svatbě: Kéž jste šťastní.
I wish I was younger. nemůžeme říct: I wish you were happy. = teď nejsou šťastní
I hope you are / will be happy.
= Wishes are for impossible things, hopes are for possible things.
OTHER HYPOTHETICALS:
It´s time to leave. → It´s time we left.
It´s high time for you to start work. – neutral × It´s high time you started work. – you are being lazy
I´d rather / sooner…- vztahuje se na budoucnost, přítomnost
– refers to a choice between 2 items
– divadlo × kino – I´d rather go to the cinema than to the theatre tonight.
– hory × moře (min.rok) – I´d rather have gone to the mountains, than to the
seaside last year, but my parents… – byla bych raději jela
Raději bych, kdybys tu nekouřil. I´d rather you didn´t smoke here.
POZOR!!!
you´d (had) better – raději bys měl
you should apologise- měl bys
you had better apologise- skryté varování – raději bys měl
DODATKY:
- Take a taxi, if (it is)necessary / if ( it is)possible – vynecháme „ it is“
- Are you cold? – If not, I´ll open the window.
– If so, I´ll close hte window.
- If it weren´t for you, we would be in a mess. – nebýt tebe…
If it hadn´t been for you, we would have lost.
- It looks as if… = It seems like
He acts as if – real comparison: he´s the boss here.
– unreal comparison: he were the boss here.
He acts like he is boss here.
You look as you have been crying. – má opuchlé oči – výsledek
You look as you had met the ghosts. – nereálné potkat ducha
= In today´s English, there is no obvious difference (as if – like)
SUBJUNCTIVE
God save the Queen. – nechť – bez koncovky !!
Long live he. – Nechť dlouho žije.
Verbs + subjunctive: demand(požadovat), insist (vyžadovat, trvat na něčem), request, require,
recommend
They demand that he leave.
They demand that he be dismissed.
Navrhují mu, aby požádal o práci. They suggest him that he apply for the job.
in less formal English: that + should
They suggest, that he should apply for the job.