Political system of the USA and the UK

UK

The UK is a state in Europe, which is member of UN,EU and NATO.

Constitution

• unwritten →common law
• based on statuses, documents(Magna Charta), case law, customs, conventions
• two main principles – the rule of law

Monarch-Elisabeth II., Prince of Wales is her son Charles

• formal head of the country and Commonwealth (organization, which associate former colonies)
• Commander-in-chief of the armed forces
• Governor of the Church of England
• she leads an important ceremonial events, meetings with Prime Minister, with foreign leaders, appoints ambassadors, opens the sessions of Parliament

Executive power

• is represented by The Cabinet(UK government), the head of Cabinet is Prime minister(Dave Cameron-Conservative party), who is leader of the winning party in general election
• formed from Ministers who are appointed by Sovereign(sovryn) on recommendation of prime minister
• The shadow cabinet

Legislative power

• consists of The House of Commons and The House of Lords
• The House of Commons
  -650members
  -green benches
  -The Speaker – leads session(sešn)
  -front benches the main figures of the Chember
  -the main function is legislate
• The House of Lords
  -Lord Chancellor – presiding the House
  -Lords Spiritual – representing the Church of England (2 archbishops, 24 bishops)
  -Lords Temporal – Hereditary(eredydčry) peers(píírs and Life peers
  -number is not fixed, in 2012 – 775 members

Judiciary power-The Court of Justice

Political parties

• two biggest are Conservatives and Labours
• Conservative party is on the right, Labour Party on the left

USA

• the presidential federal republic, the member of UN or NATO
• system of checks and balances

Constitution

• the main important are Constitution of the United States of America-main document (ratified in 21st July 1788) and Federal laws
• every state has own laws, which must not be in conflict with the Federal laws and the Constitution

Executive power

• the head is President(Barack Obama) the most important function
• Commander-in-chief of the armed forces
• the head of the Government
• vote in election by electoral college, which is vote by citizens

Legislative power

• is represented by Congress, which consist of The House of Representatives and The Senate
• The House of Representatives-Lower house
  -435 members from every state, number depends on population of state
  -The main function has speaker
  -majority has Republican party
• The Senate-upper house
  -100 members
  -2 from every state
  -majority has Republican party

political parties