CONDITIONALS

If it rains, we play football indoors.

Jestliže prší  = Whenever it rains                            These are conditional clauses whose tenses mean

If they stayed at home, they didn´t get wet.            the same as in non- conditional clauses

Jestliže zůstali doma, nepromokli.

 

ZERO CONDITIONAL

If you drop a glass, it breaks. – přít.čas

If you touch a hot iron, you burn yourself.

=this is what always happens -pravidlo, které se opakuje za každých okolností,„tak to prostě funguje“

 

There are three other main types of conditionals:

 

FIRST CONDITIONAL = A REAL CONDITION

If you drop the glass, it will break.

= we are talking about a real situation, we are making prediction about the future, but the tense used after“if“ is present

If you touch the hot iron, you will burn yourself. = this is likely to happen

There are variatoins of this:

If the weather is fine tomorrow, we can play tennis.

If the fog got thicker, the plane may / might be diverted. (odloženo)

If you want to lose weight, you must eat less/ you should eat less/ don´t eat so much.

 

IF + WILL

If you will come this way, I´ll take you to this office. = request – žádost

If you will get drunk every night, no wonder you feel ill. = když trváš na tom, že.. = insistence(trvání),

obstinacy ( zatvrzelost)

→“will“ is stressed in speech

 

IF + SHOULD

If you should meet him, tell him to ring me up. = if you happen to meet him – náhodou, jestliže se stane.. – it seems less probable

 

Other conjunctions:

I´ll lend you the money providing / provided ( za předpokladu) you pay it back next week.

I´ll lend you the money, as long as/ on condition that( pokud) you pay it back next week.

Supposing / Suppose ( předpokládejme, že…) your parents find out, what will you do?

Take some spare parts in case ( pro případ) your car breaks down.

I won´t lend you the money unless (pokud ne) you promise to pay it back next week.

„If“ + jednoduchý přít.čas !!!- If it rains  × ne- If it is raining

 

Real condition:
If I have a car, things will be fine.

=jestliže budu mít auto – mluvčí to vidí jako reálnou záležitost

 

Unreal condition

If I had a car, things would be fine.

= kdybych měl auto – mluvčí to vidí nereálně

 

Real × Unreal

– the difference between „If I have a car“ and „If I had a car“ is not a difference of time. The past tense after „if“ means that the speaker sees the situation as less probable, impossible or imaginary

Compare: If I become president … řekne kandidát

If I became president… řekne kdokoliv

 

 

 

 

SECOND CONDITIONAL = UNREAL CONDITION

If I were/ was you, I would take the job.

If I were younger, I´d…

= If+past time   +   would+present infinitive

 

Variations:

if+past tense   +   might, could, should+present inf.

If they offered

×

If they were to offer me the job, I´d refuse it. – ještě méně pravděpodobné – this is even less likely to happen

 

THIRD CONDITIONAL

situation:

I missed the train this morning.

If I hadn´t missed the train, I wouldn´t have been late for school.

if+past perfect tense   +   would / should / might / could + prefect infinitive

 

MIXED CONDITIONALS:

If we had been born in the USA, we would be American citizens now.

If she hadn´t married him, she wouldn´t be unhappy now.

 

Inversion:

1^st  conditional: – should – náhoda

If you should meet him… = Should you meet him… – není to otázka !!!
2^nd conditional: – to be

If she were my daughter… = Were she my daughter, I would know what to do.

If they were to offer me the job …= Were they to offer me the job, I´d accept it.

3^rd conditional:

If I had known that you were coming, I´d have bought more food. = Had I known…

 

Translation:

1. If you had a job those days, you were lucky.
2. If you have finished eating, I will clean the plates.
3. If they hadn´t rescued him, hr would be in hospital now.
4. Unless Brenda runs faster, she will lose the race.
5. Dick wouldn´t be in prison, if the detective hadn´t recognized him.
6. If you had told me you were coming, I would have made something to eat.
7. If I were you, I wouldn´t touch the wires.
8. If you haven´t read the chapter, you can´t say you have read the whole book.
9. Imagine you won a million, what would you do?
10. If you will stay here, I´ll see if Mr. Smith is free.
11. If the ship was to sink, what would you do?