CONDITIONALS
If it rains, we play football indoors.
Jestliže prší = Whenever it rains These are conditional clauses whose tenses mean
If they stayed at home, they didn´t get wet. the same as in non- conditional clauses
Jestliže zůstali doma, nepromokli.
ZERO CONDITIONAL
If you drop a glass, it breaks. – přít.čas
If you touch a hot iron, you burn yourself.
=this is what always happens -pravidlo, které se opakuje za každých okolností,„tak to prostě funguje“
There are three other main types of conditionals:
FIRST CONDITIONAL = A REAL CONDITION
If you drop the glass, it will break.
= we are talking about a real situation, we are making prediction about the future, but the tense used after“if“ is present
If you touch the hot iron, you will burn yourself. = this is likely to happen
There are variatoins of this:
If the weather is fine tomorrow, we can play tennis.
If the fog got thicker, the plane may / might be diverted. (odloženo)
If you want to lose weight, you must eat less/ you should eat less/ don´t eat so much.
IF + WILL
If you will come this way, I´ll take you to this office. = request – žádost
If you will get drunk every night, no wonder you feel ill. = když trváš na tom, že.. = insistence(trvání),
obstinacy ( zatvrzelost)
→“will“ is stressed in speech
IF + SHOULD
If you should meet him, tell him to ring me up. = if you happen to meet him – náhodou, jestliže se stane.. – it seems less probable
Other conjunctions:
I´ll lend you the money providing / provided ( za předpokladu) you pay it back next week.
I´ll lend you the money, as long as/ on condition that( pokud) you pay it back next week.
Supposing / Suppose ( předpokládejme, že…) your parents find out, what will you do?
Take some spare parts in case ( pro případ) your car breaks down.
I won´t lend you the money unless (pokud ne) you promise to pay it back next week.
„If“ + jednoduchý přít.čas !!!- If it rains × ne- If it is raining
Real condition:
If I have a car, things will be fine.
=jestliže budu mít auto – mluvčí to vidí jako reálnou záležitost
Unreal condition
If I had a car, things would be fine.
= kdybych měl auto – mluvčí to vidí nereálně
Real × Unreal
– the difference between „If I have a car“ and „If I had a car“ is not a difference of time. The past tense after „if“ means that the speaker sees the situation as less probable, impossible or imaginary
Compare: If I become president … řekne kandidát
If I became president… řekne kdokoliv
SECOND CONDITIONAL = UNREAL CONDITION
If I were/ was you, I would take the job.
If I were younger, I´d…
= If+past time + would+present infinitive
Variations:
if+past tense + might, could, should+present inf.
If they offered
×
If they were to offer me the job, I´d refuse it. – ještě méně pravděpodobné – this is even less likely to happen
THIRD CONDITIONAL
situation:
I missed the train this morning.
If I hadn´t missed the train, I wouldn´t have been late for school.
if+past perfect tense + would / should / might / could + prefect infinitive
MIXED CONDITIONALS:
If we had been born in the USA, we would be American citizens now.
If she hadn´t married him, she wouldn´t be unhappy now.
Inversion:
1st conditional: – should – náhoda
If you should meet him… = Should you meet him… – není to otázka !!!
2nd conditional: – to be
If she were my daughter… = Were she my daughter, I would know what to do.
If they were to offer me the job …= Were they to offer me the job, I´d accept it.
3rd conditional:
If I had known that you were coming, I´d have bought more food. = Had I known…
Translation:
- If you had a job those days, you were lucky.
- If you have finished eating, I will clean the plates.
- If they hadn´t rescued him, hr would be in hospital now.
- Unless Brenda runs faster, she will lose the race.
- Dick wouldn´t be in prison, if the detective hadn´t recognized him.
- If you had told me you were coming, I would have made something to eat.
- If I were you, I wouldn´t touch the wires.
- If you haven´t read the chapter, you can´t say you have read the whole book.
- Imagine you won a million, what would you do?
- If you will stay here, I´ll see if Mr. Smith is free.
- If the ship was to sink, what would you do?